Horner's Syndrome

Horner's syndrome or Horner syndrome is a clinical syndrome caused by damage to the sympathetic nervous system.
A classiccal triad of;
1. miosis (ie, constricted pupil)
2. partial ptosis(which is drooping of the upper eyelid from loss of sympathetic innervation to the superior tarsal muscle, also known as Müller's muscle) and
3. loss of hemifacial sweating (anhidrosis)

others->Enophthalmos (the impression that the eye is sunk in) loss of ciliospinal reflex and bloodshot conjunctiva may occur depending on the site of lesion

The clinical features of Horner's syndrome can be remembered using the mnemonic, "Horny PAMELa" for Ptosis, Anhidrosis, Miosis, Enophthalmos and Loss of ciliospinal reflex.

Usually examiner will ask, the relationship between Horner Syndrome & Bronchogenic Carcinomo of the apex of lung.
Bronchogenic Carcinomo of the apex of lung (aka Pancoast Tumor-mostly a non small cell cancer)-->Sympathetic Ganglion Compression in the cervical region--> Horner Syndrome





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